司法案件类型
根据最高人民法院2020年12月23发布的《最高人民法院关于审理植物新品种纠纷案件若干问题的解释》(以下简称“司法解释”),人民法院受理的涉及植物新品种纠纷的案件概括起来主要有七种类型。
01.侵害植物新品种权纠纷案件
根据新修订的《中华人民共和国种子法》(以下简称《种子法》)第28条和第72条,侵害植物新品种权纠纷案件主要指未经植物新品种权所有人许可从事下列行为的,当事人向人民法院或县级以上人民政府农业农村主管部门请求处理的案件。
(一)生产、繁殖和为繁殖而进行处理、许诺销售、销售、进口、出口以及为实施上述行为储存授权品种的繁殖材料;
(二)为商业目的将授权品种的繁殖材料重复使用于生产另一品种的繁殖材料;
(三)实施本条第(一)项和第(二)项规定的行为,涉及由未经许可使用授权品种的繁殖材料而获得的收获材料的。但是,植物新品种权所有人对繁殖材料已有合理机会行使其权利的除外。
此外,针对实质性派生品种实施上述规定行为的,未征得原始品种的植物新品种权所有人的同意的,当事人向人民法院或县级以上人民政府农业农村主管部门请求处理的案件也属于侵害植物新品种权纠纷案件。
02.假冒他人植物新品种纠纷案件
根据《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例实施细则(农业部分)》(以下简称《细则》)第57条和《种子法》第72条,假冒他人植物新品种纠纷案件主要指从事下列行为的,当事人向人民法院或县级以上人民政府农业农村主管部门请求处理的案件。
(一)印制或者使用伪造的品种权证书、品种权申请号、品种权号或者其他品种权申请标记、品种权标记;
(二)印制或者使用已经被驳回、视为撤回或者撤回的品种权申请的申请号或者其他品种权申请标记;
(三)印制或者使用已经被终止或者被宣告无效的品种权的品种权证书、品种权号或者其他品种权标记;
(四)生产或者销售本条第(一)项、第(二)项和第(三)项所标记的品种;
(五)生产或销售冒充品种权申请或者授权品种名称的品种;
(六)其他足以使他人将非品种权申请或者非授权品种误认为品种权申请或者授权品种的行为。
03.权属纠纷案件
主要指当事人因植物新品种的申请权或品种的权属发生争议时向人民法院请求处理的案件。根据《种子法》第73条,农业农村主管部门一般不会对权属纠纷案件进行处理。
04.转让合同纠纷案件
主要指当事人因植物新品种申请权或品种权转让合同产生纠纷时向人民法院请求处理的案件。转让合同纠纷主要涉及合同中权属归属约定、转让费实施、违约责任、合同是否生效等内容。
05.行政纠纷案件
指当事人对复审委员会以及农业农村主管部门作出的行政决定不服的,向人民法院起诉的案件。
对复审委员会有关行政决定不服的案件主要有三类:
一是植物新品种申请驳回复审行政纠纷案件。根据《条例》第32条,申请人对农业农村部植物新品种保护办公室(以下简称“品种保护办公室”)驳回品种权申请的决定不服的,可以向复审委员会请求复审,申请人对复审委员会决定不服的,可以自接到通知之日起15日内向人民法院提起诉讼。
二是植物新品种权无效行政纠纷案件和植物新品种权更名行政纠纷案件。根据《条例》第37条,复审委员会可以依据职权或者依据任何单位或者个人的书面请求,对不符合本条例规定的,宣告品种权无效或作出品种更名的决定,对复审委员会宣告品种权无效或者更名的决定不服的,可以自收到通知之日起3个月内向人民法院提起诉讼。
三是对农业农村主管部门作出的其他行政决定不服的案件,主要指当事人对有关处罚、复议等决定不服的向人民法院进行起诉的案件,主要有植物新品种行政处罚纠纷案件、植物新品种行政复议纠纷案件、植物新品种行政赔偿纠纷案件、植物新品种行政奖励纠纷案件等。
06.临时保护期使用费纠纷案件
主要指当事人因植物新品种权在临时保护期内使用费产生纠纷的案件。植物新品种权被授予后,在自初步审查合格公告之日起至被授予植物新品种权之日止的期间即临时保护期内,对违反《种子法》第28条的行为,品种权人享有追偿的权利,依法要求支付相关使用费。
07.强制许可案件
复审案件类型
品种权行政执法案件类型
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